Shell脚本中$符开头变量解释

shell脚本中经常会看到$开头的特殊变量,那怎么理解它们呢?

变量

  • $$

Shell本身的PID(ProcessID)

  • $!

Shell最后运行的后台Process的PID

  • $?

最后运行的命令的结束代码(返回值)

  • $-

使用Set命令设定的Flag一览

  • $*

所有参数列表。如"$*“用「"」括起来的情况、以”$1 $2 … $n"的形式输出所有参数。

  • $@

所有参数列表。如"$@“用「"」括起来的情况、以”$1" “$2” … “$n” 的形式输出所有参数。

  • $#

添加到Shell的参数个数

  • $0

Shell本身的文件名

  • $1~$n

添加到Shell的各参数值。$1是第1参数、$2是第2参数…。

示例

 1 #!/bin/bash
 2 #
 3 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$$"
 4 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$!"
 5 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$?"
 6 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$*"
 7 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$@"
 8 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$#"
 9 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$0"
10 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$1"
11 printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$2

结果

[Aric@localhost ~]$ bash params.sh 123456 QQ
The complete list is 24249
The complete list is
The complete list is 0
The complete list is 123456 QQ
The complete list is 123456
The complete list is QQ
The complete list is 2
The complete list is params.sh
The complete list is 123456
The complete list is QQ